OSM is a database, not a map

http://bit.ly/jsanz-osm

Jorge Sanz

• @xurxosanz
• Engineer at CartoDB
• OSGeo member
• Geoinquietos Valencia organizer
• Casual mapper on OSM

First part

What's OpenStreetMap?

What's OpenStreetMap

• Open Source and Open Data
  enthusiasts community
• A project to create the best
  geographic reference world database
• An Internet map?
• ¡No! ¡There's many!
• But not just maps, there's a huge ecosystem
  of companies and services around OSM

Navigate

Query

Edit

Improve!

But Google Maps...

• API: ads, usage restrictions, ...
• MapMaker: «your work is ours» (being retired!)

Figures

• 3.2M users
• 5.426M GPS points
• 3.592M nodes
• 375M ways
• 4,5M relations
• Source (2016/11/13)

Comparing...

Source: GeoFrabrik Tools

Source: GeoFrabrik Tools

Source: GeoFrabrik Tools

Source: GeoFrabrik Tools

Tacloban · wiki · changes map
4.8M changes in less than 3 weeks!

Second part

How to contribute to OSM

Main workflow

1. Data collection
2. OSM upload

Mapping party

Back to the office for editing

Almería Arts school in JOSM

Third part

Data in OSM

OSM data model

• Topological instead of features
• Graphic primitives
  • Nodes
  • Ways (if they are closed they may be an area)
• Alphanumeric attributes
  • Relations
  • Labels

Labels

• Provide semantic to the graphic primitives
  and relations
• Crowsourced and edited at the wiki

Nodes

• Relevant attributes: id, latitude y longitude, creator and version
• Content: labels

<node id="1035862914" visible="true" version="1"
        changeset="6637923" timestamp="2010-12-12T16:07:17Z"
        user="Schumi4ever" uid="83942"
        lat="36.8371080" lon="-2.4644590">
    <tag k="natural" v="tree"/>
</node>
            

https://www.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/node/1035862914

Ways

• Attributes: id, user, version
• Content: list of nodes and labels

<way id="159010347" visible="true" version="2"
        changeset="21196864" timestamp="2014-03-19T18:09:16Z"
        user="XuRxO" uid="13409">
    <nd ref="1711177810"/> <nd ref="1711177809"/>
     <-- más nodos... -->
    <nd ref="1711177808"/> <nd ref="1711177812"/>
    <nd ref="1711177810"/>
    <tag k="addr:city" v="Almería"/>
    <tag k="addr:postcode" v="04001"/>
    <tag k="addr:street" v="Plaza Pablo Cazard"/>
    <tag k="amenity" v="college"/>
    <tag k="building" v="school"/>
    <tag k="name" v="Escuela de Bellas Artes"/>
    <tag k="phone" v="+34950156158"/>
    <tag k="website" v="http://www.andalucia.org/...."/>
</way>
            

https://www.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/way/159010347

Relations

• Attributes: id, visible, user and timestamp
• Content
  • Members: id, type and relation role
  • Labels

<relation id="2545358" visible="true" version="9" ...>
    <member type="node" ref="2306864392" role="stop"/>
    <member type="node" ref="2306864403" role="stop"/>
    <!-- más paradas ... -->
    <member type="way" ref="204274848" role="forward"/>
    <member type="way" ref="23290865" role="forward"/>
    <!-- más vías ... -->
    <tag k="colour" v="black"/>
    <tag k="name" v="Casco Histórico"/>
    <tag k="operator" v="SURBUS"/>
    <tag k="ref" v="1"/>
    <tag k="route" v="bus"/>
    <tag k="type" v="route"/>
    <tag k="wheelchair" v="yes"/>
</relation>
            

https://www.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/relation/2545358

Fourth part

OSM for developers

OSM API

• Only mean to modify data
• v0.6 since 2009
• RESTful
• Anonymous queries,
  updates using OAuth
• Versioning
• Downloads limited
  to 15' squares
• It focuses on editing not downloading

<osm version="0.6" generator="OpenStreetMap server">
<api>
<version minimum="0.6" maximum="0.6"/>
<area maximum="0.25"/>
<tracepoints per_page="5000"/>
<waynodes maximum="2000"/>
<changesets maximum_elements="50000"/>
<timeout seconds="300"/>
</api>
</osm>
            

http://api.openstreetmap.org/api/capabilities

<osm version="0.6" generator="OpenStreetMap server">
<node id="933346497" lat="41.5827283" lon="2.013415"
version="3" changeset="8211372" user="Jaume Figueras"
uid="55987" visible="true" timestamp="2011-05-21T22:26:13Z">
<tag k="ref" v="FIXME"/>
<tag k="network" v="Xarxa d'autobusos Urbans de Terrassa"/>
<tag k="covered" v="no"/>
<tag k="tactile_paving" v="yes"/>
<tag k="bench" v="yes"/>
<tag k="public_transport" v="platform"/>
<tag k="highway" v="bus_stop"/>
<tag k="uic_ref" v="FIXME"/>
<tag k="uic_name" v="FIXME"/>
<tag k="name" v="Arenys de Mar"/>
<tag k="shelter" v="yes"/>
<tag k="operator" v="TMESA"/>
<tag k="layer" v="0"/>
</node>
</osm>
            

http://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/node/933346497

<osm version="0.6" generator="OpenStreetMap server">
<node id="933346497" lat="41.5827339" lon="2.0134288" changeset="5928981"
user="Jaume Figueras" uid="55987" visible="true" timestamp="2010-10-01T15:46:00Z" version="1">
<tag k="highway" v="bus_stop"/>
<tag k="shelter" v="yes"/>
<tag k="name" v="Arenys de Mar"/>
<tag k="tactile_paving" v="yes"/>
<tag k="bench" v="yes"/>
</node>
<node id="933346497" lat="41.5827339" lon="2.0134288" changeset="8167041"
user="Jaume Figueras" uid="55987" visible="true" timestamp="2011-05-16T21:38:38Z" version="2">
<tag k="highway" v="bus_stop"/>
<tag k="shelter" v="yes"/>
<tag k="network" v="Xarxa d'autobusos Urbans de Terrassa"/>
<tag k="name" v="Arenys de Mar"/>
<tag k="ref" v="FIXME"/>
<tag k="uic_name" v="FIXME"/>
<tag k="tactile_paving" v="yes"/>
<tag k="layer" v="0"/>
<tag k="covered" v="no"/>
<tag k="public_transport" v="platform"/>
<tag k="uic_ref" v="FIXME"/>
<tag k="bench" v="yes"/>
<tag k="operator" v="TMESA"/>
</node>
<node id="933346497" lat="41.5827283" lon="2.013415" changeset="8211372"
user="Jaume Figueras" uid="55987" visible="true" timestamp="2011-05-21T22:26:13Z" version="3">
<tag k="highway" v="bus_stop"/>
<tag k="shelter" v="yes"/>
<tag k="network" v="Xarxa d'autobusos Urbans de Terrassa"/>
<tag k="name" v="Arenys de Mar"/>
<tag k="ref" v="FIXME"/>
<tag k="uic_name" v="FIXME"/>
<tag k="tactile_paving" v="yes"/>
<tag k="layer" v="0"/>
<tag k="covered" v="no"/>
<tag k="public_transport" v="platform"/>
<tag k="uic_ref" v="FIXME"/>
<tag k="bench" v="yes"/>
<tag k="operator" v="TMESA"/>
</node>
</osm>
            

http://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/node/933346497/history

<osm version="0.6" generator="OpenStreetMap server">
<changeset id="8211372" user="Jaume Figueras"
uid="55987" created_at="2011-05-21T22:26:04Z"
closed_at="2011-05-21T22:26:17Z" open="false"
min_lat="41.5617613" min_lon="2.0082875"
max_lat="41.5859881" max_lon="2.0241229">
<tag k="comment" v="Bus de Terrassa - Línia 7 adaptada al nou esquema i arranjaments varis"/>
<tag k="created_by" v="JOSM/1.5 (4064 en)"/>
</changeset>
</osm>
            

http://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/changeset/8211372

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<osm version="0.6" generator="CGImap 0.0.2">
        <bounds minlat="41.5617613" minlon="2.0082875"
                maxlat="41.5859881" maxlon="2.0241229"/>
        <node id="282873786" lat="41.5803041" lon="2.0268698"
                user="Jaume Figueras" uid="55987" visible="true"
                version="5" changeset="1576508" timestamp="2009-06-20T17:59:37Z">
                        <tag k="highway" v="traffic_signals"/>
        </node>
        <node id="282873797" lat="41.5805069" lon="2.0266905"
                user="Jaume Figueras" uid="55987" visible="true"
                version="6" changeset="5858775" timestamp="2010-09-23T23:30:09Z">
                        <tag k="highway" v="traffic_signals"/>
        </node>
....
            

http://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/map?bbox=2.0082875,41.5617613,2.0241229,41.5859881
1.6MB download

Data update

• PUT /api/0.6/changeset/create
• PUT /api/0.6/changeset/#id/close
• PUT /api/0.6/[N|W|R]/create
• DELETE /api/0.6/[N|W|R]/#id

Other queries

• GET /api/0.6/[N|W|R]/#id/relations
• GET /api/0.6/node/#id/ways
• GET /api/0.6/[W|R]/#id/full

Other derived services

• Main derived product is called the planet
  • Full DB export: 53GB in a single compressed XML
  • Weekly, day, hour and minute diffs
• Overpass API aimed for queries
  • User interface to create queries: Overpass Turbo
• taginfo: API for labels usage statistics
• Nominatim: geocoder
• Other providers using OSM data like Mapbox, Mapzen, OSRM, etc.

Renderers

• planet is dumped into a PostGIS database
• Mapnik library is used
  along with an Apache module: mod_tile

Fifth part

Who does not love maps?

Official

Biking

Transport

HOT

But this is just the beginning

Stamen

Watercolor

Toner

Mapbox

Random

CARTO

Thanks!

Jorge Sanz · @xurxosanz
Links and resources
http://bit.ly/jsanz-osm

License